{"id":13619,"date":"2019-04-05T15:49:40","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T15:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reprieve.org.uk\/?post_type=press&p=13619"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:07:32","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T13:07:32","slug":"while-the-supreme-court-tinkers-states-dismantle-the-machinery-of-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reprieve.org\/uk\/2019\/04\/05\/while-the-supreme-court-tinkers-states-dismantle-the-machinery-of-death\/","title":{"rendered":"While the Supreme Court tinkers, states dismantle the machinery of death."},"content":{"rendered":"

This op-ed<\/a> by Reprieve’s Maya Foa was published in the Guardian on April 4.<\/em><\/p>\n

When does the execution of a prisoner cross a line and become \u201ccruel and unusual\u201d?<\/p>\n

In the strange world of America\u2019s death penalty, that is an all-important legal question. The US Constitution prohibits \u201ccruel and unusual\u201d punishments, but condemned prisoners seeking relief have to prove their executions meet this definition,\u00a0as opposed to just being \u201cpainful\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This week the US Supreme Court\u00a0handed down a ruling<\/a>\u00a0which sought to clarify what manner of execution would meet Constitutional standards of cruelty and unusualness. The Court\u2019s answer? Disembowelling.<\/p>\n

Not only disembowelling: the conservative justices in the majority conceded that\u00a0public dissection and burning alive would also be too much. In doing so, they cited to the definition of cruelty given in Dr Samuel Johnson\u2019s Dictionary of the English Language<\/em> – specifically its 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, published in 1773.<\/p>\n

The Court\u2019s ruling came in response to an appeal filed by a condemned prisoner, Russell Bucklew, who has a rare medical condition which causes blood filled tumors to grow in his head. Doctors had told him lethal injection would cause those tumors to burst and lead him to suffocate on his own blood, so he sought to be executed using nitrogen gas instead.<\/p>\n

The Court denied Mr Bucklew\u2019s request, finding that he had not been specific enough about whether his executioners should use \u201ca gas chamber, a tent, a hood, a mask, or some other delivery device\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Court\u2019s ruling confirms a legal standard\u00a0established in a 2015 case<\/a>, under which prisoners seeking to challenge a torturous<\/a> lethal injection must present a suitable alternative way for the state to execute them. Incidentally, no judge has yet ruled it cruel or unusual to force prisoners into choosing their own method of execution.<\/p>\n

It also recalls one of the most quoted statements in the body\u2019s history: the 1994 pledge by Justice Harry Blackmun<\/a>\u00a0that \u201cfrom this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery of death\u201d.<\/p>\n

This kind of tinkering is the Court\u2019s current preoccupation. How else might we characterise a ruling that carefully considers the relative benefits of disembowelling, dissection, gassing, and hanging \u2013 the latter a method new Justice Neil\u00a0Gorsuch suggested might not be\u00a0unconstitutional\u00a0the basis that\u00a0it was never\u00a0intended<\/em>\u00a0to cause pain?<\/p>\n

Monday\u2019s \u00a0ruling\u00a0 was delivered by\u00a0 the Supreme Court\u2019s new conservative majority: the majority opinion was written by Justice Gorsuch, and endorsed by Justice Kavanaugh.<\/p>\n

But while it may tell us a lot about the current Court, it does not reflect the reality of capital punishment in the United States today. While the Justices\u2019 deliberations might suggest a resurgence in US executions, in fact the opposite is true.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0latest annual report by the Death Penalty Information Center<\/a>\u00a0found death sentences and executions in the United States to be \u201cnear generational lows\u201d, with\u00a0 most death sentences coming from just four states: Texas, Florida, Ohio, and California.<\/p>\n

Even in these states, the death penalty is dying. Last month, incoming California Governor Gavin Newsom announced a moratorium on executions: \u201cOur death penalty system has been \u2014 by any measure \u2014 a failure,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Rejecting the perverse misuse of medicines in lethal injections,\u00a0 pharmaceutical companies across the board refuse to sell their drugs for capital punishment, making publicly clear<\/a> their products are made to save and improve lives, not to end them in torturous executions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Politicians of all persuasions have also turned against capital punishment. This year, New Hampshire\u2019s house of representatives\u00a0passed a death penalty repeal bill<\/a>\u00a0with a majority large enough to override a veto threatened by the state\u2019s Governor. Elsewhere bills to abolish or restrict the death penalty\u00a0have advanced under conservative stewardship<\/a>\u00a0in states including Wyoming and Kentucky.<\/p>\n

In this respect, the image that defines America\u2019s death penalty in 2019 may not be nine robed Justices weighing up execution methods. A more powerful picture, and one of greater consequence, is\u00a0the dismantling of the execution chamber<\/a>\u00a0at California\u2019s San Quentin State Prison \u2013 a sight evoking 737 executions which, for now, will not be carried out.<\/p>\n

The life or death of capital punishment will not be determined solely in the chamber of the Supreme Court. Voters, politicians and businesses also have a say. And from California to New Hampshire, voices are rising against further tinkering with the machinery of death.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This op-ed by Reprieve’s Maya Foa was published in the Guardian on April 4. When does the execution of a prisoner cross a line and become \u201ccruel and unusual\u201d? In the strange world of America\u2019s death penalty, that is an all-important legal question. The US Constitution prohibits \u201ccruel and unusual\u201d punishments, but condemned prisoners seeking … <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":13621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[12,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","category-update"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhile the Supreme Court tinkers, states dismantle the machinery of death.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reprieve.org\/uk\/2019\/04\/05\/while-the-supreme-court-tinkers-states-dismantle-the-machinery-of-death\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"While the Supreme Court tinkers, states dismantle the machinery of death.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This op-ed by Reprieve’s Maya Foa was published in the Guardian on April 4. 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